How to form PREFIX
Prefixes are letters that is added at the start of words to make new words with distinct meanings. Prefixes can, for instance, produce a new word that has a meaning that differs from the word to which they are added. They can also change the meaning of a term or convey relations of time, place, or method.
The four most common prefixes are un, re, in, dis. un, in, il, im, ir, dis, non – these make nouns, verbs, adjectives negative not opposite.
Rule 1: Do not alter the root word when you add a prefix.
- multi + national = multinational
- in + complete = incomplete
Rule 2: twice over letters in the following words. Add the prefix to the root word.
- dis + satisfied = dissatisfied
- mis + spell = misspell
- un+ necessary = unnecessary
- im + mature = immature
- ir + responsible = irresponsible
Rule 3: use il- before words starting with “L”
- legible – illegible
- legal – illegal
- logical - illogical
Rule 4: use ir- before words starting with “R”
- relevant – irrelevant
- resistible - irresistible
- responsible - irresponsible
- reconcilable - irreconcilable
Rule 5: use im- before words stating with “M”, “P” and “B”
- mature – immature
- perfect – imperfect
- balance – imbalance
- possible – impossible
- mortal - immortal
How to form SUFFIX
To create new words, suffixes are affixed to existing words. The suffixes use in vowel and consonant varieties. Vowel suffixes include -ed, -er, -es, -end, and -ing. Suffixes that terminate in a consonant include the letters -s, -less, -ness, -ment, and -ly.
The following are the fundamental guidelines for utilising suffixes in English.
Rule 1: Double the Consonant
Duplicate the final letter, when a word ends in a short vowel sound and a single consonant. Following are the examples.
- Fat + er = Fatter
- Flip + ed = flipped
- Mud + y = muddy
- Shop + ed = shopped
- Swim + ing = swimming
When adding the suffix, double the letter "L" used at the end of a word that has more than one syllable and ends in that letter. Examples comprise:
- Cancel + ed = cancelled
- Control + ed = controlled
- Propel + er = propeller
- Compel + ing = compelling
- Fulfil + ment = fulfillment
Keep in mind that the doubling rule does not apply if the word ends in "w," "x" or "y."
Rule 2: Drop the Final ‘E’
If the suffix you are employing starts with a vowel, you should omit the final silent "e" at the end of words when it occurs. Instances of this rule include:
- Drive + ing = driving
- Hope + ing = hoping
- Make + er = maker
- Adore + able = adorable
- Use + er = user
Rule 3: Keep the Final ‘E’
Preserve the final "e" when the word ends in the letters "ce" or "ge", if the suffix starts with the letters "a" or "o,” Instances of this rule include:
- Advantage + ous = advantageous
- Drink + able = drinkable
- Count + able = countable
- Courage + ous = courageous
- Service + able = serviceable
- Notice + able = noticeable
You will also keep the final "e" in the following examples:
- Like + able = likeable
- Size + able = sizeable
- Care + ful = careful
- Use + ful = useful
- Peace + ful = peaceful
Remember to keep the "e" if using the suffix -ly. For example:
- Late + ly = lately
- Rare + ly = rarely
- Love + ly = lovely
- Home + ly = homely
- Definite + ly = definitely
If the word ends in "ee" or "ye," maintain the "e" at the end. Examples comprise:
- Agree + ing = agreeing
- Decree + ing = decreeing
- Eye + ing = eyeing
- Foresee + ing = foreseeing
- See + ing = seeing
Rule 4: Keep the ‘Y’
At the point when the word ends with "y" and has a vowel before it, keep the "y." Instances are:
- Boy + s = boys
- Enjoy + ed = enjoyed
- Play + ing = playing
- Buy + er = buyer
- Joy + ful = joyful
Exceptions to this rule are:
- Pay + ed = paid
- Say + ed = said
Another time to keep the "y" is if the suffix starts with the letter "i." You cannot have two i's in a row. Examples of this rule are:
- Worry + ing = worrying
- Copy + ing = copying
- Carry + ing = carrying
- Supply + ing = supplying
- Marry + ing = marrying
Rule 5: Change the ‘Y’ to an ‘I’
At the point when the word has a consonant before the "y," you will change the "y" to a letter "I," then, add the postfix. Instances of this standard are:
- Beauty + ful = beautiful
- Baby + s = babies
- Army + s = armies
- Duty + ful = dutiful
- Happy + ness = happiness
Remember that there are some exceptions to this rule, such as:
- Dry + er = dryer
- Baby + hood = babyhood
- Lady + ship = ladyship
Rule 6: Changing ‘IE’ to ‘Y’
When a word ends in "ie," change the ending to a "y" when you add the suffix -ing. Examples of this rule are:
- Die + ing = dying
- Tie + ing = tying
- Untie + ing = untying
- Lie + ing = lying
- Vie + ing = vying
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